Hepatitis-B

Hepatitis B can spread through blood transfusion. This infection can pass between children to infect whole families. Hepatitis B mostly cause by liver cancer. In this page you will find and read Hepatitis "B" Vaccine Schedule in Urdu Hindi and Roman urdu.

Dunya bhar ke lye intehai halakat khez bimaryon me hepatitis sab se zyada khatarnak hai yun hepatitis “A” or “C” apni noiyat shidat ke aetabar se kisi bhi tarha hepatitis “B” se kam nahi lekin safaki, halakat khezi or sakht jani ke bais dunya bhar ke mahirin or insan dost adare hepatitis “B” ke lye sakht ahdaf rakhte hain, har baras lakhon afrad ko zindagi se mehrom karne wale ek or marz “aids” ke muqable me hepatitis “B” ko zyada khatarnak qarar dete hain. Hepatitis “B” dunya ke taqriban har mulk me mojud hai. ye dunya ki taraqi yafta ala mayar ke mutabiq zindagi basar karane walo ko bhi moqa milte hi apna hadaf bana leta hai jis tarha ye taraqi pazir or pasmanda mumalik ke sehat ki sahulyat se mehrom logon ka shikar karta hai. Hepatitis “B” ka ek qabile tawaja pehlo ye bhi hai k intehai tezi se phelta hai. dunya me 2 arab se zyada afrad is virus se mutasir hain un me 40 crore afrad me marz is had tak sarait kar chukka hai k ye log apne ird gird ke kai guna zyada afrad ke lye jita jagta khatra ban chuke hain. Hepatitis “B” ke daimi mariz jigar ke cencer me mubtala hone ka khatra rakhte hain. Aese log laelaj zamre meshumar hote hain lekin is se bachao mumkin hai. Dunya me hepatitis “B” ki giraft ka andaza is bat se lagaya ja sakta haik jadid tibi sahuliyat rakhne wale America or har 20th fard hepatitis “B” kashikar hai. yahan har sal 2 lakh afrad hepatitis “B” virus ki zad me ate hain. Naye marizon ki ek bari tadad is bat se lailm hoti hai k wo kab or kis tarha hepatitis ka nishana bane gi. America me ostan har sal 5000 afrad hepatitis ke bais halak ho rahe hain is se americi hospital ka tibi amla mehfoz nahi. Wahan har sal secron tibi muawonen hepatitis “B” se mutasir hojate hai halanke hepatitis “B” se bachao ki vaccine dastiyab hai or is ka elaj mumkin hai. Mukhtalif khaton me “HBV” infection hone ke asbab mukhtalif hain. Asia or afriqa me “HBV” infection aksar or beshtar awail umar me hojate hai is kasabab maa banti hai ya phir mutasira afrad ke sath qaribi taluq is ka sabab banta hai. asia kijitni bhi balig abadi “HBV” ke infection se mutasira hai us me se kamaz kam 25 % ko ye infection apni olad ke doran maa se muntaqil hua hai. Hepatitis “B” K Muntaqli Ke Zarae Ye virus bunyadi tor pr mutasira fard ke khon ya khon keajza se dosre fard memuntaqil hota hai. Jinsi taluq jo hepatitis “B” memubtala hon aese fard se jinsi taluq se phelta hai. Virus se aluda siring , acupuncture, suiyon ya jisin chidwane (tetu) kealat kajisim me pewast hona. Hepatitis zada maa se doran pedaish ye marz bache komuntaqil ho sakta hai. Albata ye mutasira fard ke thok, madhayat or naswani aza ke sayal madon me bhi hota hai. Alamat Thakan, bukhar, sardi mehsos hona bhok me kami, matli, dairia, sar dard pet ke opri hise me dard or ankhon ki safedi ka zard hona. Viral infection ki alamat me ankhon ki rangat me tabdili chand din se le kar 15 din me bhi ho sakti hai. is sorat me kuch log jild me kharish mehsos karte hain. Urine ka rang badal jata hai. Nishaniyan Doctor muaine me jigar ubhara hua mehsos karta hai or is pr halka sa dabao bhi dard ka ahsas paida karta hai. baz soroton me tili (spleen) ya gale ki lymph nodes barhi hui ho sakti hai intehai kam soroton me joron ka dard or kharish bhi ho sakti hai. hepatitis me tili ka mutasir hona anhoni bat nahi q k tili difai nizam, blood storage or blood cells ki nashonuma samet kai kamon me mawon hoti hao jabke lymph nodes jisim ke mukhtalif aza ne nikalne wala lymph filter karne ke elawa infections ke khilaf jang karte hain. Hepatitis “B” Ki Ahtiyaten: 1. Koi bhi chez istamal na Karen or jo kisi or ke khon se aluda ho sakti hai kabhi bhi kisi or ki istamal shuda aesi ashya (bled, tooth brush0 istamal na Karen jin pr us ka khon lag sakta hai. 2.Siring se nasha karne ki sorat me sui, siring, roi, mehlol, bartan wagera ka mushtarka istamal na Karen. Hepatitis “A” or “B” vaccine lagwaen. 3.Jisim pr naqsh wangar gawane se qabal is ke khatrat zehan me laen. Agar naqash ne is amal me mehfoz suiyan or alat istamal na kye, safai ka ahtamam nahi rakha to aap infection ka shikar ho sakte hain. Aluda sui aap ko hepatitis “B” or “C” me mubtala kar sakti hai or nak chidwane me bhi yahi imkan rehta hai lehaza har bar nayi sui ya jarasim se mukamal tor pr mehfoz alat istamal kya jana chahye. 4.Hepatitis “B” ka shikar maa ke no molud bache ke lye 9 se 15 mah ki umar me blood test zarori hai ta k un ke mehfoz hone ka tain ho jae. 5. Mayari ahtiyat made nazar rakhye. Agar ap health care ka rukun hain to zarori ahtiyat se kaam len. Suiyan or dhar wale alad mehfoz tor pr istamal Karen. Hepatitis “B” vaccine lagwaen. Agarcha hepatitis “B” virus ka taluq jigar ke amraz se hai tahum jinlogon me mojud hota haiwobhilambi or sehat mand zindagi guzar sakte hain. Aese afrad jin me hepatitis “B” virus ki mojudgi sabit ho chuki ho, darj zel ahtiyati iqdamat karne chahye : Zachgi kedoran ahtiyat  : Agar aap me hepatitis “B” virus mojud hai to ho sakta hai k zachgi ke doran ye virus aap apne bache ko muntaqil kar den lehaza zarori hai k aap apni marz ke bare me doctor ko lazman agah kar den ta k wo aap ke nozaida bache ko hepatitis “B” virus se bachne ke lye zarori intezamat kare or pedaish ke chand ghanton ke andar use hepatitis “B” immune globulin or digar vaccine laga sake. Ye tariqa bache ko hepatitis “B” virus se bachane me 95 % tak kamyab rehte hain. Ahle Khana Ke Lye Ahtiyat Khayal rakhye k ahal khana or digar qaribi log vaccine se mehfoz banae ja chuke hon. agar aap me hepatitis “B” virus mojud hai to aap ka khon or digar jismani ratubaten is virus ko dosron tak muntaqil karne ka sabab ban sakti hain lehaza aap ke ahal khana sharike hayat or un tamam logon ko jin se aap ka qaribi taluq hai hepatitis “B” vaccine zaror lagwani chahye. Apna khon dosron tak pohnchne se rokhen Is ke lye tamam zakhmon pr achi tarha pathi bandh kar rakhen. hez or nafas se aluda kapron ko puri ahtiyat se sath talf Karen. Apna khon or aza har giz atya mat Karen. agar aap ke sharike hayat khud ko vaccine ke zarye mehfoz nahi banaya to har giz gair mehfoz jinsi taluq qaim na Karen.hifzane sehat ke zati asolon pr karband rahen. Or aesi tamam ashya dosron komat den jin se aapka shon ya digar ratubat kisi or tak pohnch saken. Maslan tooth brush, nakhun katne ka ala, bunde, baliyan, shewing razer or suiyan wagera. Giza Hepatitis “B” ke mariz ke lye koi khas giza tajwiz nahi ki jati. Tahum hari or pili sabziyan, khas tor pr band gobi, phol gobi or salad ke pate wagera jigar ke lye mufid sabit hote hain in me fiza me pae jane wale zehrile ajza or chemical compounds se bachane ki khasiyat hoti hai. aesi giza jis me chiknai or colestrol ki ziyadti na ho or jis me reshe dar ajza zyada hon na sirf aap ke jigar balke pure jisim ke lye mufid hai. Sharab noshi se parhez Karen Sharab noshi jigar ke lye intehai tabah kun sabit ho sakti hai. Jigar ke lye zehrile or digar compound se dor rahen Basi chawal, pop corn or mong phaliyan aap ke jigar ko nuqsan pohncha sakte hain. Rangon, thiner,or gharelo safai ke murkabat se urhne wale bukharat ke qarib dair tak na rahen. Un me se kuch ashya me phenol hote hain jo aap ke jigar ke lye zehrile sabit ho sakte hain. Dawa istamal karne se pehle doctor se zaror mashwara Karen Koi bhi dawa jo doctor ki hidayat ke mutabiq kharidi gai ho ya aap az khud istamal karna chahte hon doctor se mashware ke bagair mat istamal Karen. Laparwahi se dawaon ka istamal un ke rade amal ya munfi asarat ka sabab ban sakta hai.jis se aap ke jigar ko nuqsan pohnchne ka andesha hai. Hepatitis “B” vaccine Hepatitis “B” se bachao ki sorten Hepatitis “B” virus tawil arse tak jisim me rakhne wala shakhs ise dosron tak muntaqil bhi kar sakta hai wo log jo is virus se mutasir hochuke hon tawilarse tak ye virus phelate rehte hain. Agarcha un me marz ki koi alamat nazar nahi atin in logon ko hum “sehat mand mariz” keh sakte hain q k khon me virus hone ke bawajud ba zahir ye log sehat mand nazar ate hain. Hepatitis “B” se bachao ki 2 sorten hain 1      jisim me qudrti ya masnoi tariqe seinfection ke khilaf tahafuz faraham karne wali anti bodies paida hone se qudrati tor pr anti bodies jisim me virus dakhil hone ke bad paida hoti hain jabke yahi kaam vaccine se masnoi tor pr lya jata hai. 2      arzi milne wala tahafuz maslan nomolud bache ki maa me anti bodies milen ya bacha maa ke pehle dudh (colostrums) se anti bodies hasil kare ya anti bodies pr mushtamil vaccine jisim me dakhil ki jae. Hepatitis “B” ki shidat ke bais har no molud bache or high rask group me shamil fard ke lye vaccine tajwiz ki jati hai. no molud bache ko pedaish ke bad ek mah ki umar me or 6th mah hepatitis “B” se bachao ka injection lagaya jata hai jabke 5 baras ki umar me boster doze tajwiz ki gai hai. Hepatitis “B” se mutasira fard ki alamat samne an eke 7 din me hepatitis “B” immunoglobulin injection lagaya jana chahye.is ke sath hi hepatitis “B” vaccine bhi di jani chahye magar dosri jaga badal kar. Vaccine Kin Afrad Ko Vaccine Di Jae tamam balig afrad ko intehai khatrat rakhne wale balig afrad, bashamol HBsAg positive afrad ke ahala khana, azdawaji sathi, nason ke zarye nasha karne wale, 6 mah ki mudat me ek se zyada afrad ke sath jinsi taluqat rakhne wale, hum jins parast mard, aese log jo hal hi ne jinsi amraz me mubtala hue hon, hemodai lez ke mariz,aese mariz jin ke lye dai lez tajwiz ki ja sakti ho. Khon ke masnoat lene wale, mehakma sehat ke karkun, senti workers,aese afrad jin ka wasta khon se rehta ho, aese adaron ke mariz,amla or taluq rakhne wale digar afrad batadrij mazor hone wale afrad ke adaron se wabasta hon. Wagera. Khasosi Note Wabai elaqon se naqal makani karne walon kocerologic scrining ki jae HBsAg positive positive afrad samne ane pr unhen bimari nimatne kisaholiyat di jaen or un ke azdawaji sharike hayat or ahal khana ko bhi parkha jae agar zarorat ho tounhen vaccine di jae. Vaccine se qabal serologic  testing aese logon ke lye tajwiz kija sakti hai jo marz intehai khatra or imkan rakhte hon. Hepatitis vaccine kin afrad ke lye intehai zarori hai 1. Hepatitis “B” vaccine intehai zarori hai agar aap ka partner hepatitis “B” me mubtala ho 2.  Aap kisi jinsi arze maslan gonorrhea syphilis me mubtala hon. 3.  Hum jins parast hon. 4.  Jinsi taluqat ekse zyada afrad se rakhte hon. 5.  Injection ke zarye nasha karte hon. 6.  Kisi aese afrad ke hamrah rehte hon jo mazman hepatitis “B” (chronic hepatitis) memubtala ho. 7. Health workers ya aesi mulazimat karne wale afrad jin kainsanikhon se wasta parta hai. 8.  kadni dailez karate hon. Hepatitis “B” vaccine Hepatitis “B” vaccine mehfoz or mosar hai. 1982 se le kar ab tak dunya bhar me lakhon afrad hepatitis “B” vaccine le chuke hain. Vaccine ka cource mukamal karne ke bad booster shots ki zarorat nahi hoti hai. vaccine cource mukamal karne ke bad beshtar logon ko is ke bad blood test ki zarorat nahi hoti hai. albata is ke ek se 2 mah ke bad blood test zarori hai agar agar aap ka life partner mazman hepatitis ka mariz hai agar aap ka madafti nizam durst na ho (maslan aap dai lez karate hon ya aids ka shikar hon). Aap aesi mulazimat karte hon jin me aap ka wasta insani khon se rehta ho. hepatitis “B” ka shikar maa ke no molud bache ke lye 9 se 15 mah ki umar ke lye blood test zarori hai ta k un ke mehfoz hone ka tain ho jae. Vaccine ka schedule 1.  vaccine ki 3doze (0,1,6) mahine di jaen. 2.  Ye doze 0,2,4 or 0,1,4 ki tartib se bhi di ja sakti hain, (0 se murad pehli khorak ka waqt 1 se murad ej mh guzarne pr, 6 ya 4 ka matlab 4 ya 6 mah mukamal hone pr). 3.  Pehli doze or dosri doze me 4 hafte ka waqfa hona chahye. 4.  Dosri or tisri doze me 8 hafte ka waqfa hona chahye. 5.  Majmoi tor pr tisri doze ke darmiyan kam az kam 16 hafte ka waqfa hona chahye. Note Agar schedule pr amal na ho sake or kisi doze me takher ho jae to schedule az sar no dohrane ki zrorat nahi wahi doze de kar schedule pura kya jae. hepatitis “B” vaccine ke sath dosri kuch vaccine bhi di j sakti hain magar is ke lye elahda siring istamal kya jae. Hepatitis “B” ke Asarat hepatitis “B” ka shikar hone ke bad 4 sorten samne asakti hain. Acute Hepatitis hepatitis “B” virus se mutasir hone wale 2 tehai afrad me shidat ki bimari samne ati hai. q k aese logon me virus ke khilaf sakht madafti qowat bimari ka mukamal tor pr khatma kar deti hai. aese mariz dobara is virus se mutasir hone ka imkan nahi rakhte hain q k jisim me paida hone wali anti bodies tau mar tahafuz faraham kar sakti hain. Shadid hepatitis “B” un afrad ko hota hai jo HBV se mutasir ho chuke hon. Shadid hepatitis “B”V infection ka pata chalane ke lye hepatitis “B” sarfen anti jen ke test hote hain. Shadid hepatitis “B” aksar or beshtar gair alamat ke hote hai. ya alamat intehai mamoli dard wagera bachon ke muqable me balig afrad me alamat wali shadid hepatitis “B” hone ke zyada imkanat hote hain. Ye alamt kai hafton balke mahino tak barqarar reh sakti hai.

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Hepatitis B Ka Ilaj Aur Alamat in Urdu and HIndi

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Hepatitis B aik khatarnak liver infection hai. yeh  infection Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) se hota hai. Hapatitis B aagay chal ker chronic ho jaata hai jis ki wajah se Liver failure, liver cancer aur cirhosis ki beemari ho jaati hai.

Hepatitis B ke adult mareezo ki aksariat fully recover ho jaatay hai. jabkeh infant and children ki beemari chronic hepatitits B infection mai tabdeel ho jaati hai. agarcheh Hepatitis B ka mukammal khatma mumkin nahi, lekin vaccine ke zaria iss beemari ko roka jaa sakta hai. agar aap pehle se infected ho tu kuch precaution ke zaria Hepatitis B Virus ko mazeed phailne se rok saktay hai.

Hepatitis B Ki Alamat (Sign and Symptoms)

Hepatitis B ke sign and symptoms yani alamat foran zahir nahi hotay balkeh infection ke 3 months ke baad zahir hotay hai jo mamooli se khatarnak tak ho saktay hai. alamaat darj zail ho saktay hai:

abdominal pain yani pait mei dard, dark color urine, fever, joint pain, loss of apetite yani bhook ka khatam ho jaana, nausea and vomiting, weakness and fatigue, yellowing of skin and whites of eyes (jaundice)

Hepatitis B mein mubtala beshtar infant aur children mai Hepatitis b ki alamat nahi paayee jaati hai. yahi haal kuch adult mareezo ka bhi hai.

Doctor ke paas kab jaana chahiye?

agar aap mai hepatitis B ke alamat paaye jaatay hai tu aap ko apne family physician ya general practitioner se consult karna chahiye. ehtiatii tadabeer se hepatitis ka risk kafi kam ho jaata hai. lekin agar aap ka exposure hepatitis B se ho gaya hai tu phir aap per lazim hai keh apna ilaj 24 ghanta ke andar andar start ker dein. ilaj ke liye foran doctor se consult karain.

Hepatitis B aik khatarnak benulaqwami bemari hae ye jigar ke achanak kam band karne se hoti hae jise Fulminant Hepatic Failure kahte hain is se har saal dunya main 200 sey 300 lakh log mubtala hote hain.

Yeh mareea khoon ki muntaqli (Blood Tranfusion) gandi sirenge ka bar bar istimal or humjins taaluqat ke zariye jaldi phelti hae naqis khurak or manshiyat ka wareed istimal kerne se bhi virus dosre shakhs ko infection ka wasta bante hain or doran e hamal maa se bacho ko virus ho jata hae or ye amal bhot hi khatarnak hota hae, bacha peda hote hi bemar par jata hae, Hepatitis B ka virus macheron aur bister kay pisoon  mian bhi hota hai.

Hepatitis B ager shidit ikhtiyar kar jain tu Choronic Active Hepatitis ki shakal ikhtaiyar kar laita hai. Is say Liver ko bohat nuksan pohchta hai aur Cirrhosisof liver paida kerta hai liver main pani bher jata hai aur khurak kil nali say mayday main bleeding hoti hai yeh merz ki mout ki sabeb benta hai.

Hepatitis B kay liberty test liver ki kharabion ka test vahe hai jo epatitis kay liyai hai pehlay HBSAg daikhain ager miljai tu is li mukamal viral history tayar ki jai DNA-HBV bohat ziadah hisas virus ki tabdili ko zaher kertay hain. Aur kertay hain.

Mutants kay zeryai maloom kersaktay hain. HBSAg virus ki Infection kay 6 haftoon ya teen mahmain zaher hoti hai.aur aur pher ghaib hoti hai Anti HBs dair say nikaltay hain aur Immunity zaher kertay hain.

In kay baad mereez ko yer qaan hojata hai aur liver main surkh cells damage hojatay hain. Kuch arsay kay baad khud main Antibodies paida hotai hain ager khoon main HBs-AG ver gm!Anti HBc dono mojood hoon tu pata chalay ga keh jigger main Infection mojod hai Hepatitis B ki Vaccination infection door kerti hai.

Hepatitis B ka khaas ilaj nahe hifazati aqdamat ziadah faidah mend hain
munshiyat ka istamaal stop ker daina chahyai.
1. Hospital ya dispensary main nurses ko gandi siring istaimaal nahe karni chahyai.
2. Tawaif ya bazari aurtoon say taloqat mana karnay chahyai.
3. Jin merizoon kay khoon main Anti ya HBV DNA ho in say is ki Infection ki waja pochni chahyai.
4. Hospitals main doctors aur nurse ko ko injection bari ihtaiyat say istaimal karni chahyai isko apnay hath main chobnay nahe daina chehyai. Ilaaj va mualjah kay istaf ko Vaccination kervani chahyai.

Ager kisi ko infection hojai tu Hepatitis B Immune Globulin 0.06 mili liter fi kilo gram baihisab jismani waits  Vaccine ki infection ho in ka 7-9 month kay baad Antibody level daikhna chahyai.

Hepatits B kay merizon ko aram ki zaroorat hoti hai kionkeh liver kemzoor hota hai aur pher nay say jism main kemzori paida hogi. Libas saaf rakhna chahyai. Cheknaii valay khanay eg: ghost ,egg aur dhood vaghaira istamal nahe kerna chahyai. Belkeh light feed khani chahyai takeh liver aser andaaz na ho.              
                                                                                         

Chronic Hepatitis B

Chronic Hepatitis B taruqi yafta mumalik main HBV ki bigeri hoi kism hai aur bohat khaternaak hai America main yeh yeh bimari High Risk logon main ziada hai.Chronic HBV ki Infection do Phases apni jaga moqid rehna(Replication) aur takmeel kerna (Integrated) main say guzerti hai pehlay merhalay main is kay virus sozish liver kay saath miltai hain aur merhalay main mereez HBs Ag aur HBV DNA musbet toor per bhot ziadah mutasir hota hai jis satah per khoon main HBV DNA ka level kem hojata hai.

Jab HBV DNA kai saath milta hai tu mereez per Ag HBe munfi hojata hai aur Antibody HBe musbaat hota hai is merhalay per liver shirink hojata hai aur thora sa sooj jata hai

Clinical And Diagnosis

Chronic hepatitis men mein ziadah hota hai aur is say pehlay mereez ko koi hamla der paish nahe hota. Almat ahista ahista maamoli si zaher hoti hain teqri baan 50% merizoon ko jigger ki bimari hoti hai.
ALP mamoli berhti hai. Bili roben ki haalet normal hoti hai. Ba'azauwqat Chronic Actiue Hepatitis ki shakal ikhtiyar kar leta hai. Iss say Liver ko bohat ziadah nukhsan puanchta hai, aur liver mmukamal tur par sukarh jata hai.

Pait mein pani bhar jata hai, meaday mein Bleeding hoti hai, mareez Eneepalopathy Hepatic mein mubtila ho jata hai aur phir uss ki mot waqah ho jati hai.

Agar mareezoon kay seram mein HBV DNA aur HBsAg. HBcAg hai, to unn ka Liver Biopsy par ilaaj karna chahiay, takay HBe Ag aur HBV DNA ko seram say kharij keya ja sakay. Iss ilaaj kay Side effects bohat saray hain phaelay injection kay 6-8 ghantay baad mareez ko Flue (nazlah wagherah) ki shekait ho jati hai.

Bar bar infection lganey say io khatam ho jata hai, lekin jism kay azlaat aur sar mein dard hota hai. Khoon ka dabaoo, heeza, baloo ka gerna aur hadhyoon mein infectin ho sakti hai. Yah Reaction 30% mareezoon ko hota hai.

Hepatitis B Ka Ilaj (Diet)

Iss bemari mein mariz ko aisi ghizaye daini chahaye jo mariz ki quot-e-mudafiad barhaye jaisay kay phal aur sabziyaan kay soup, aisi ghiza na dy mareez ko jis main zada oil, ghee, aur mirch masalay ho. Sab sey zarori yeh hai kay mareez ko saaf aur jariseem sey pak pani diya jaye.

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Test (HBsAg)

Test for Active or Chronic Hepatitis B

By Charles Daniel 

Updated September 20, 2019

In This Article

• Hepatitis B Definition
• Symptoms
• Causes
• HBsAg
• Screening Tests

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is a blood test ordered to determine if someone is infected with the hepatitis B virus. If it is found, along with specific antibodies, it means the person has a hepatitis B infection. If your blood is positive for HBsAg, it means you are infectious for the virus and can pass it to other people through your blood or body fluids.

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is a serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). For some people, hepatitis B infection becomes chronic, meaning it lasts more than six months. Having chronic hepatitis B increases your risk of developing liver failure, liver cancer or cirrhosis—a condition that causes permanent scarring of the liver.

Most people infected with hepatitis B as adults recover fully, even if their signs and symptoms are severe. Infants and children are more likely to develop a chronic hepatitis B infection. A vaccine can prevent hepatitis B, but there's no cure if you have it. If you're infected, taking certain precautions can help prevent spreading HBV to others.

Symptoms

Signs and symptoms of hepatitis B, ranging from mild to severe, usually appear about one to four months after you've been infected. They may include:

• Abdominal pain
• Dark urine
• Fever
• Joint pain
• Loss of appetite
• Nausea and vomiting
• Weakness and fatigue
• Yellowing of your skin and the whites of your eyes (jaundice)

Causes

The Hepatitis B virus is passed from person to person through blood, semen or other body fluids.

Common ways HBV is transmitted include:

• Sexual contact. You may become infected if you have unprotected sex with an infected partner whose blood, saliva, semen, or vaginal secretions enter your body.
• Sharing of needles. HBV is easily transmitted through needles and syringes contaminated with infected blood. Sharing intravenous (IV) drug paraphernalia puts you at high risk of hepatitis B.
• Accidental needle sticks. Hepatitis B is a concern for health care workers and anyone else who comes in contact with human blood.
• Mother to child. Pregnant women infected with HBV can pass the virus to their babies during childbirth. However, the newborn can be vaccinated to avoid getting infected in almost all cases. Talk to your doctor about being tested for hepatitis B if you are pregnant or want to become pregnant.

If you are positive for HBsAg, your blood and body fluids contain the virus and you can transmit it to others.

How Hepatitis B Is Transmitted

HBsAg

HBsAg is cleared within four to six months in self-limited infections (infections that resolve by themselves). It can be detected in the blood during both acute infections (infections that come on suddenly) and chronic infections (infections that last for longer than six months). In addition to the signs and symptoms that a patient has, additional antibodies can be tested to distinguish between acute and chronic infections.

At the center of the hepatitis B virus is DNA, which contains the genes the virus uses to replicate itself. Surrounding the DNA is a protein called hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAG), which cannot be detected with blood tests. Surrounding this is HBsAg, which is actually part of the "envelope" that protects the virus from attack by the body's immune system. However, the immune system is good at getting through this envelope in order to kill the virus. When it does, remnants of surface antigen protein are left in the blood like debris, which lab tests can detect.

Your body can produce antibodies to any of these antigens once you are exposed to the virus. These antibodies develop at different stages of the infection.

If you receive a vaccination for hepatitis B, you will develop anti-HBs antibodies, which will protect you from infection by hepatitis B. The HBsAg protein in the vaccine is manufactured by modified yeast cultures, so it is safe from transmission of hepatitis.

Screening Tests for Hepatitis B

Your blood may be screened for HBV for many different reasons. The three tests generally include HBsAg, antibody to HBsAg, and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. This allows the doctor to know whether you could benefit from vaccination, or if you have active or chronic hepatitis B and need counseling, care, or treatment.

You may be routinely screened if you are pregnant, are donating blood or tissue, need immunosuppressive therapy, or have an end-stage renal disease. You will also be screened if you are in groups that are at higher risk for HBV.

The HBeAg or the Hepatitis B e-Antigen

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen

Does this test have other names?

HBsAg

What is this test?

This test looks for hepatitis B surface antigens in your blood. The test is used to find out whether you have a recent or long-standing infection from the hepatitis B virus (HBV).

HBV has proteins called antigens on its surface that cause your immune system to make antibodies. Hepatitis B surface antigens can be found in your blood within several weeks after the infection starts. They are one of the earliest signs of a hepatitis B infection.

HBV is one of 5 hepatitis viruses. The others are hepatitis A, C, D, and E. Most hepatitis infections are caused by these 5 viruses. HBV is spread through blood, seminal fluid, and vaginal secretions. It can take several months to develop symptoms of hepatitis B after you become infected. The virus causes an infection in the liver. In most cases, this virus clears up on its own within 6 months. But in a small portion of adults and a larger portion of children, the virus does not go away. This is especially true for newborns. This is called having a chronic infection. It may lead to liver cell damage; scarring, or cirrhosis; or liver cancer.

Hepatitis B surface antigens are an early sign of an acute infection, and they are also present during chronic, or long-term, infection.

Why do I need this test?

You may need this test if your healthcare provider suspects you have a liver infection caused by HBV. You may need this test if you have symptoms of hepatitis B. Symptoms usually start slowly. Many people have no symptoms or only feel like they have a mild case of the flu. You may not have symptoms until the infection is chronic or severe.

The most common symptom is extreme tiredness. Other symptoms may include:

• Nausea
• Loss of appetite
• Muscle aches
• Fever
• Jaundice, or yellowed skin and eyes
• Dark-colored urine
• Belly (abdominal) pain
• Swelling and confusion. This is in extreme cases.

You may also have this test if you have a history that puts you at risk for being in contact with the virus. Risk factors for hepatitis B infection include:

• Having sex with someone infected with the virus
• Living in close contact with someone who has the virus
• Being a man who has sex with men
• Being a child born to a mother who has the virus
• Sharing needles for intravenous, or IV, drug use
• Working in a healthcare center where you are exposed to blood
• Getting a blood transfusion or organ transplant. This is less common with active screening.

You may also have this test several times if you've already been diagnosed with hepatitis B, to see whether your infection is getting better.

What other tests might I have along with this test?

Your healthcare provider may order other blood tests to look for HBV. These tests can look for antigens on the surface, envelope, and core of the virus, as well as the antibodies to these antigens. Because the symptoms of all 5 hepatitis infections are much the same, this blood test is often done along with other hepatitis blood tests to tell your provider which type of virus and what stage of infection you may have.

Your healthcare provider may also order a series of blood tests called a hepatitis B monitoring panel to see if your infection is getting better.

What do my test results mean?

Test results may vary depending on your age, gender, health history, the method used for the test, and other things. Your test results may not mean you have a problem. Ask your healthcare provider what your test results mean for you. 

Normal results are negative or nonreactive, meaning that no hepatitis B surface antigen was found.

If your test is positive or reactive, it may mean you are actively infected with HBV. In most cases this means that you will recover within 6 months. If you recover, you will have immunity from the virus and will not be able to pass the virus to others. A positive test may also mean you have chronic hepatitis B infection. If you do not recover in 6 months, the virus may stay in your blood, cause liver problems, and can infect others. Your healthcare provider may give you medicines if you don't recover after 6 months.

How is this test done?

The test is done with a blood sample. A needle is used to draw blood from a vein in your arm or hand. 

Does this test pose any risks?

Having a blood test with a needle carries some risks. These include bleeding, infection, bruising, and feeling lightheaded. When the needle pricks your arm or hand, you may feel a slight sting or pain. Afterward, the site may be sore. 

What might affect my test results?

Other factors aren't likely to affect your results.

How do I get ready for this test?

You don't need to prepare for this test. Be sure your healthcare provider knows about all medicines, herbs, vitamins, and supplements you are taking. This includes medicines that don't need a prescription and any illicit drugs you may use. 

Medical Reviewers:

• Fraser, Marianne, MSN, RN
• Haldeman-Englert, Chad, MD